Miris Corruption: [2021]

Finally, the state should create alternative auction houses for chili growers, bypassing the closed network of private traders who orchestrate these scams. Cooperatives, directly linked to certified loan systems, break the dependency on corrupt intermediaries.

The defining characteristic of Miris Corruption is impermeability. In transactional corruption, money can "grease the wheels" to bypass obstacles. In Miris Corruption, the wheels do not turn at all. The system is impermeable to logic, urgency, or reform. It is a self-preserving organism that exists solely to process paperwork, regardless of whether that paperwork achieves a public good.

Furthermore, Miris Corruption has also undermined the country's competitiveness and investment climate. When investors perceive that a country is corrupt, they are less likely to invest, as they fear that their investments will be expropriated or extorted by corrupt officials. This can lead to a decline in foreign investment, which can have serious consequences for economic growth and development.

Kline’s hand hovered over the gun, his fingers trembling. For a heartbeat, the room held its breath, as if the rain outside had paused to listen.