The 1982 publication would have described open surgery as the only option:
Фильм Варикоцеле у детей. (1982) - Net-Film.ru varikotsele u detey %281982%29
According to the monograph, surgery was recommended for: The 1982 publication would have described open surgery
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and sometimes imaging tests like ultrasound to confirm the presence of varicose veins. varikotsele u detey %281982%29
The 1982 article (likely a clinical guideline or prospective cohort study) recommended varicocelectomy in children and adolescents if: