Manusmriti Chapter 9 Verse 225 __link__

Modern scholars, such as those cited in Wikipedia , doubt these rules were ever strictly enforced as practical law throughout India. Other contemporary texts like the Narada Smriti actually suggest kings should protect these same groups. Summary of Significance

: Different commentators offer variations on the identities of these groups. For example, some interpret "cruel men" ( kruran ) as those with "crooked behavior," while others identify "actors" ( kusilavan ) as individuals sharp enough to entrap others. Modern Perspective manusmriti chapter 9 verse 225

कितवान् कुशीलवान् क्रूरान् पाषण्डस्थांश्च मानवान् ।विकर्मस्थान् शौण्डिकांश्च क्षिप्रं निर्वासयेत् पुरात् ॥ २२५ ॥ Modern scholars, such as those cited in Wikipedia

Used as a high-level penalty for social or religious offenses. Comparison with Other Verses For example, some interpret "cruel men" ( kruran

विकर्मस्थान् शौण्डिकांश्च क्षिप्रं निर्वासयेत् पुरात् ॥ २२५ ॥

: Those who abandon their prescribed varna (duties) to perform work not assigned to them.