| Concept | Short Definition | Typical Use | |---------|------------------|-------------| | | The purposeful replacement of one element (material, component, process) with another to meet a set of design criteria. | Product redesign, cost reduction, compliance. | | Substitution Decision Matrix (SDM) | A tabular scoring system where each candidate alternative is rated against weighted criteria (cost, weight, durability, etc.). | Rapid comparative assessment. | | Embodied Energy (EE) | Total energy consumed in extracting, manufacturing, transporting, and installing a material. | Sustainability evaluation. | | Design for Substitution (DfS) | Design philosophy that anticipates future changes, making parts modular and replaceable. | Long‑term product lifecycle management. | | Risk Mitigation Strategies | Supplier diversification, accelerated life testing, contingency sourcing. | Reducing technical and supply‑chain exposure. |
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